Evaluation of Geo-potential Models EGM96, WDM94 and GPM98CR in Hong Kong and Shenzhen
نویسندگان
چکیده
To select the best geo-potential model for the determination of Hong Kong and Shenzhen local geoids, three models EGM96, WDM94 and GPM98CR were tested in the region using GPS/leveling data and gravity measurements. The data include GPS/leveling observations at 43 stations, 640 gravity measurements covering the whole territory of Hong Kong, and 62 high precision GPS/leveling observations and 4870 gravity observations in Shenzhen. The results show that the geoid undulations from these geo-potential models contain systematic errors both in Hong Kong and in Shenzhen. After the biases are removed using GPS/leveling data, the STD of geoid undulation differences for EGM96, WDM94 and GPM98CR are 0.039m, 0.037m and 0.030m respectively in Hong Kong, and 0.052m, 0.032m and 0.095m in Shenzhen. While the STD of gravity anomaly differences for EGM96, WDM94 and GPM98CR are 14.136mGal, 13.559mGal and 15.130mGal respectively in Hong Kong, and 8.815mGal, 8.545mGal and 11.567mGal in Shenzhen, it is clear that the WDM94 model is the best of the three.
منابع مشابه
The Contribution of Ageing to Hospitalisation Days in Hong Kong: A Decomposition Analysis
Background Ageing has become a serious challenge in Hong Kong and globally. It has serious implications for health expenditure, which accounts for nearly 20% of overall government expenditure. Here we assess the contribution of ageing and related factors to hospitalisation days in Hong Kong. We used hospital discharge data from all publicly funded hospitals in Hong Kong between 2001 and 2012. ...
متن کاملA laboratory investigation on the potential of computational intelligence approaches to estimate the discharge coefficient of piano key weir
The piano key weir (PKW) is a type of nonlinear control structure that can be used to increase unit discharge over linear overflow weir geometries, particularly when the weir footprint area is restricted To predict the outflow passing over a piano key weir, the discharge coefficient in the general equation of weir needs to be known. This paper presents the results of laboratory model testing of...
متن کاملEducational Values and the English Language Curriculum in Hong Kong Secondary Schools Since 1975
English is an important language in Hong Kong, an international city located on the southern coast of the People’s Republic of China that, for over 150 years to 1997, was a British colony. This paper describes and analyses changes in teaching methodologies in the English language curriculum formally proposed for Hong Kong junior secondary schools from 1975 to the present day, to study how the c...
متن کاملProspect of Electronic Road Pricing in Hong kong
To cope with the urban congestion problem resulted from rapid urbanization some cities are successfully using Electronic Road Pricing policy as a demand management measure. In 1982, Hong Kong Governmenttook initiative to experiment electronic road pricing in Hong Kong. Though, the project outcome reveals that Electronic Road Pricing could bring tremendous economic, social and environmental bene...
متن کاملHeritage Conservationin Hong kong (Policy and Planning Context Review)
Since the enactment of the Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance in 1971 and the establishment of Antiquities and Monuments Office in 1976, the Hong Kong Government has set up several institutions with particular ordinances and schemes for Heritage Conservation. With the set-up of government initiatives, yet the protection of physical and cultural heritage is still limited due to the ambiguity of...
متن کامل